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Why in news:- A pictorial book telling the stories of 20  unsung women freedom fighters  was released by the Culture Ministry recently. The book was brought out in partnership with  Amar Chitra Katha.   Key leaders:- Rani Abbakka   who thwarted Portuguese attacks for several decades. Rani Abbakka Chowta was  the first Tuluva Queen of Ullal who fought the Portuguese  in the latter half of the 16th century. She belonged to the Chowta dynasty who ruled over parts of coastal Karnataka (Tulu Nadu), India. Their capital was Puttige.   Matangiri Hazra , a freedom fighter from Bengal who laid down her life in the struggle. She participated in the Indian independence movement until she was shot dead by the British Indian police in front of the Tamluk Police Station (of erstwhile Midnapore District) on 29 September 1942. She was affectionately known as  Gandhi buri, Bengali for  old lady Gandhi. In 1930, she took part in the Civil Disobedience mov...
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Nuclear fusion energy

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  Why in News? Recently, the  Scientists in the United Kingdom  said they have achieved a new milestone in producing  nuclear fusion energy,  or imitating the way energy is produced in the Sun. Energy by  nuclear fusion is one of mankind’s long standing quests as it promises to be low carbon, safer than how nuclear energy is now produced and, with an efficiency that can technically exceed a 100%. One  kilogram(kg)  of fusion fuel contains about 10 million times as much energy as a kg of coal, oil or gas. What was the Location of Experiment? The  JET (Joint European Torus facility)  site is the largest operational one of its kind in the world. The energy was produced in a machine called a  tokamak , a doughnut-shaped apparatus. A tokamak is a machine that confines a plasma using magnetic fields in a donut shape that scientists call a torus. Deuterium and tritium,  which are isotopes of hydrogen, were heated to temperatures 10 ti...
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Nordic “clinker boats”

Why in News  United Nations’ culture agency, UNESCO, added the Nordic “clinker boats” to its Heritage List, in December 2021.  Highlights The wooden sailboats have allowed peoples of northern Europe to spread influence, trade and sometime war across continents and seas, for thousands of years. Denmark, Iceland, Finland, Sweden and Norway jointly sought the UNESCO designation. The term “clinker” is believed to refer to the way its wooden boards were fastened together. Viking Ship Museum Viking Ship Museum is located in Roskilde, west of Copenhagen. It not only exhibits the remains of wooden vessels which were built 1,000 years ago but also works towards rebuilding and reconstructing other Viking boats. The process of construction involves use of experimental archaeological methods to gain a deeper, and practical understanding of Viking Age. Characteristics of Wooden Clinker Boats Wooden clinker boats are characterized by use of overlapping longitudinal wooden hull planks. These...
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